From the report: "People create profiles on social network sites and Twitter
accounts against the background of an audience.
This paper argues that closely examining content created by others and looking at one’s
own content through other people’s eyes, a common part of social media use, should be framed as social surveillance. While
social surveillance is distinguished from traditional surveillance along three axes (power, hierarchy, and reciprocity), its effects
and behavior modification is common to traditional surveillance. Drawing on ethnographic studies of United States populations, I
look at social surveillance, how it is practiced, and its impact on people who engage in it. I use Foucault’s concept of capillaries of power to
demonstrate that social surveillance assumes the power differentials evident in everyday interactions rather than
the hierarchical power relationships assumed in much of the surveillance literature. Social media involves a collapse of social
contexts and social roles, complicating boundary work but facilitating social surveillance. Individuals strategically
reveal, disclose and conceal personal information to create connections with others and tend social boundaries. These processes are normal
parts of day-to-day life in communities that are highly connected through social media." Read more
Showing posts with label reports. Show all posts
Showing posts with label reports. Show all posts
Thursday, February 14, 2013
Wednesday, February 13, 2013
Sovereignty and Liberty in the Internet Era
From the report: "The global revolution in communications technologies and services is
fracturing the historic relationship between the media and the state. That
relationship, born in the early print era, was first framed by the territorial
authority of sovereigns and later found new legitimacy in the rise of popular
sovereignty, thus becoming a definitive feature of the modern liberal
democratic state. For centuries, states have sought to impose their territorial
boundaries on the flow of information and ideas. This however has required ever
increasing inventiveness and cost as new communications technologies have both
empowered and threatened the security, authority and legitimacy of the state.
In the internet era, the state’s capacity to
control its public information sphere is now being tested to exhaustion." Read more
The First Amendment is an Information Policy
From the report: "This essay,
based on the 20th annual Hugo Black lecture at Wesleyan University, argues that
we should think about individual liberties of freedom of speech, press, and
assembly not in isolation, but in the larger context of policies for the spread
and growth of knowledge and information.
Although we normally think about the First Amendment as an individual right, we should also see it as an integral part of a knowledge and information policy for a democratic state. That is because the practical ability to speak rests on an infrastructure of free expression that involves a wide range of institutions, statutory frameworks, programs, technologies and practices.
Using the examples of democratic protests in the Middle East and the controversy over WikiLeaks, the essay explains how free speech values are implicated in knowledge and information policies, in the design of digital networks and in the maintenance of infrastructure.
Around the world today, the fight over free speech is a fight over knowledge and information policy, and, in particular, how the infrastructure that makes free speech possible will be designed and implemented. Although the First Amendment is a crucial information policy for democracy, it is only one information policy among many. It needs the assistance of an infrastructure of free expression to make good on its promises. We must design democratic values into the infrastructure of free expression if we want an infrastructure that protects democracy." Read more
Although we normally think about the First Amendment as an individual right, we should also see it as an integral part of a knowledge and information policy for a democratic state. That is because the practical ability to speak rests on an infrastructure of free expression that involves a wide range of institutions, statutory frameworks, programs, technologies and practices.
Using the examples of democratic protests in the Middle East and the controversy over WikiLeaks, the essay explains how free speech values are implicated in knowledge and information policies, in the design of digital networks and in the maintenance of infrastructure.
Around the world today, the fight over free speech is a fight over knowledge and information policy, and, in particular, how the infrastructure that makes free speech possible will be designed and implemented. Although the First Amendment is a crucial information policy for democracy, it is only one information policy among many. It needs the assistance of an infrastructure of free expression to make good on its promises. We must design democratic values into the infrastructure of free expression if we want an infrastructure that protects democracy." Read more
AHRQ Report Summarizes Health IT Grant Initiative's Efforts
The report highlights key findings from the experiences of 16 projects awarded in 2007, which aimed to investigate approaches for using health IT to enhance patient-centered care and ambulatory care. The four main areas of interest in the analysis were: patient self-management, providing access to medical information, patient-clinician communication and shared decision making." Read more
The Rise and Decline of the Intellectual Property Powers
From the report: "In
the past decade, China has experienced many impressive economic and
technological developments. Intriguingly, the narrative about piracy and
counterfeiting there is rarely linked to the narrative about the China's
technological rise. To provide a more comprehensive picture, this article
brings together these two different narratives to explore what their
combination would mean for the United States and its intellectual property
industries.
Delivered as the keynote luncheon address at the Symposium on "Applications of Intellectual Property Law in China," this article begins with the good news that China is at the cusp of crossing over from a pirating nation to a country respectful of intellectual property rights. It draws on the historical developments of intellectual property protection in the United States and other once-developing countries.
The article then delivers the bad news that, even though China will finally experience improvements in the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights when it hits the proverbial crossover point, such improvements will bring some disappointments and unintended consequences.
In light of both the good and bad news, the article offers suggestions on three types of policy changes that could help prepare U.S. industries for the identified challenges. It specifically discusses changes at the domestic, bilateral and multilateral levels. Noting the challenges of making prognostications, this article concludes by suggesting that the United States may still have some time and wiggle room to decide its course of action for the near future." Read more
Monday, February 11, 2013
Power-Curve Society
Bollier, David. "Power-Curve Society." The Aspen Institute Communications and Society Program, 2013.
From the report: "Power-Curve Society,
written by David Bollier, examines how technological
innovation is restructuring productivity and the social and economic impact
resulting from these changes. It addresses the growing concern about the
technological displacement of jobs, stagnant middle class income, and wealth
disparities in an emerging "winner-take-all" economy. It also
examines cutting-edge innovations in personal data ecosystems that could
potentially unlock a revolutionary wave of individual economic empowerment. Power-Curve
Society is the Report of the Twenty-First Annual Roundtable on InformationTechnology, a dialogue convened by the Communications and
Society Program." Read more
Solving Big-Data Bottleneck
From the report: "In a study that represents a potential cultural shift in how
basic science research can be conducted, researchers from Harvard Medical
School, Harvard Business School and London Business School have demonstrated
that a crowdsourcing platform pioneered in the commercial sector can solve a
complex biological problem more quickly than conventional approaches—and at a
fraction of the cost." Read more
Thursday, February 7, 2013
Generational Differences in Content Generation in Social Media: The Roles of the Gratifications Sought and of Narcissism
From the report: "This study examines the roles of the gratifications sought
and of narcissism in content generation in social media and explores the
generational differences in motivations and in narcissistic personalities when
predicting the usage of Facebook, blogs, and forums. Data were gathered from a
probability sample of 596 social media users through a telephone survey in
2010. Factor analysis results showed that content generation using social media
was satisfying five socio-psychological needs: showing affection, venting
negative feelings, gaining recognition, getting entertainment, and fulfilling
cognitive needs. In particular, people who used social media to meet their
social needs and their need for affection tended to use Facebook and blogs. In
contrast, when users wanted to air out discontent, they often turned to forums.
Results also showed that exhibitionists seemed to use social media to show
affection, express their negative feelings, and achieve recognition. The study
found no generational differences in using Facebook and blogs as a means to
satisfy social needs or the need for affection. However, differences in
patterns of social media usage were found among Baby Boomers with different
narcissistic personalities. The paper includes a discussion of the study’s
limitations and suggestions for future research." Read more
Wednesday, February 6, 2013
Privacy Versus Security
From the report: "Legal
scholarship tends to conflate privacy and security. However, security and
privacy can, and should, be treated as distinct concerns. Privacy discourse
involves difficult normative decisions about competing claims to legitimate
access to, use of, and alteration of information. It is about selecting among
different philosophies, and choosing how various rights and entitlements ought
to be ordered. Security implements those choices – it intermediates between
information and privacy selections. This Article argues separating privacy from
security has important practical consequences. Security failings should be
penalized more readily, and more heavily, than privacy ones, because there are
no competing moral claims to resolve, and because security flaws make all
parties worse off. Currently, security flaws are penalized too rarely, and
privacy ones too readily. The Article closes with a set of policy questions
highlighted by the privacy versus security distinction that deserve further
research." Read more
Thursday, January 31, 2013
UNCTAD Technology and Innovation Report 2012: Innovation, Technology and South-South Collaboration
From the report: "Fast-growing South–South trade and investment is an
opportunity to ramp up developing countries’ abilities to master market-useful
technologies and to bolster their abilities to innovate new products and
services, an UNCTAD
report says. The Technology and
Innovation Report 2012, subtitled Innovation, Technology and
South–South Collaboration, was released today. South–South economic cooperation
is one of the major global economic developments of the past two decades.
Exchanges between developing countries accounted for 55 per cent of global
trade in 2010, as compared to 41 per cent in 1995, and this trend is already
leading to useful diffusions of technology and innovative capacity, the Report
says. Increased South–South exchange can lead to greater technological sharing,
in a variety of ways. A first important channel is the import of goods, the
Report says, which are used by importing countries to improve their production
processes through copying and reverse engineering. Global production networks
and foreign direct investment (FDI) are other factors that could promote
transfers of technology and technological development in countries." Read more
Mapping Creates Jobs and Drives Global Economic Growth
In summary, the global geo services industry is valued at up to $270 billion per year and pays out $90 billion in wages. In the U.S., it employs more than 500,000 people and is worth $73 billion. The infographic below illustrates some examples of the many benefits of maps, whether it’s improving agriculture irrigation systems or helping emergency response teams save lives." Read more
Open Data Economy: Eight Business Models for Open Data and Insight from Deloitte UK
From the article: "The first response concerned Deloitte’s ongoing research into open data in the United Kingdom [PDF], conducted in
collaboration with the Open Data Institute.
Harvey Lewis, one of the primary investigators for the research project,
recently wrote about some of Deloitte’s preliminary findings at the Open
Government Partnership’s blog in a post on “open growth.” To date,
Deloitte has not found the quantitative evidence the team needs to definitely
demonstrate the economic value of open data. That said, the team found much of
interest in the space." Read more
Tuesday, January 29, 2013
Digitization, Innovation, and Copyright: What is the Agenda?
From the report: "This essay discusses the need for research on the consequences of
digitization, as well as the impact of alternative policies governing the
creation and use of digital information. This agenda focuses on the development
of research to investigate the economics of digitization, to analyze the
governance of intellectual property in this sector, particularly through
copyright, and to pioneer approaches to analyzing measurement of digitization.
This agenda overlaps with many related open questions in organizational and
strategy research." Read more
5 Findings in ONC HIE Research
From the article: "The Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT has
published research that aims to help providers and professionals better
understand several high-impact services that can sustain health information
exchange organizations.
The research is
meant to help professionals who are putting in place health information
exchange (HIE) with policy, technical and business-related skills related
to query-based exchange, push notification and subscription services, provider
directories, master data management and consumer engagement." Read more
Monday, January 28, 2013
More Using Electronics to Track Their Health
“The explosion of mobile devices means that more Americans have an opportunity to start tracking health data in an organized way,” said Susannah Fox, an associate director of the Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project, which was to release the national study on Monday. Many of the people surveyed said the experience had changed their overall approach to health." Read more
See also
Thursday, January 24, 2013
Data Privacy Day 2013: Microsoft Releases Privacy Trends Study and Video Series
"Data Privacy Day 2013: Microsoft Releases Privacy Trends Study and Video Series." Networked World, January 23, 2013.
From the article: "To celebrate Data Privacy Day 2013, Microsoft commissioned a survey
of 1,000 U.S. adults "to better understand people's online privacy
perceptions and expectations." The research study showed that
privacy is becoming more important to people. They want and need more control
of their personal information. Sadly, less than half of all adults ‘mostly’ or
‘totally understand’ how to protect themselves online." Read more
Wednesday, January 23, 2013
Managing Crowd Innovation in Public Administration
From the report: "Governments all
over the world have discovered the world of social media, for better or for
worse. Whereas some of them are making every effort to prevent the
unhierarchical and therefore uncontrollable (dissident) opinion-forming process
in Web 2.0, others are looking for ways of putting the potentialities of this
new opening-up of communication to use. One approach that is increasingly being
tried out is opening up innovation processes in government.
However, this opening-up of innovation processes is anything but trivial. It
requires a thoroughly thought-out strategy and thus confronts government
systems with extensive challenges if it is not to suffer the same fate as other
unsuccessful attempts at reform in the past. In our essay, we reflect on the
consequences of these challenges for public managers." Read more
Personal Information Markets and Privacy: A New Model to Solve the Controversy
From the report: "From
the early days of the information economy, personal data has been its most
valuable asset. Despite data protection laws, companies trade personal
information and often intrude on the privacy of individuals. As a result,
consumers become more and more irritated and concerned. They feel out of
control and lose trust in electronic environments. Technologists, economists
and regulators are struggling to develop solutions that meet businesses’ demand
for more personal information while maintaining privacy. However, no promising
proposals seem to be in sight. A vision of how internet
economics can accommodate privacy is elusive. We would like to break this
helpless cycle and propose a 3-tier market model for personal information
markets with privacy. In our model, clear roles, rights and obligations for all
actors re-establish trust. The 1st market tier, ‘relationship space’, enables
data subjects and visible business partners to build trusting relationships.
The 2nd market tier, ‘service space’, supports 1st tier relationships with
distributed information processing. The 3rd tier is called ‘rich information
space’. Here, anonymized personal information will drive innovative
socio-inspired services, and companies can freely exchange non-identified data
without restrictions. To transition to this model, we show how existing
privacy-enhancing technologies and legal requirements can be integrated." Read more
Informational Capabilities - The Missing Link for the Impact of ICT on Development
From the article: "Under
what conditions can information and communications technologies (ICTs) enhance
the well-being of poor communities? The paper designs an alternative evaluation
framework (AEF) that applies Sen’s capability approach to the study of ICTs in
order to place people’s well-being, rather than technology at the center of the
study. The AEF develops an impact chain that examines the mechanisms by which
access to, and meaningful use of, ICTs can enhance peoples “informational
capabilities” and can lead to improvements in people’s human and social
capabilities. This approach thus uses peoples’ human capabilities, rather than
measures of access or usage, as its principal evaluative space. Based on
empirical evidence from rural communities’ uses of ICTs in Bolivia, the study
concludes that enhancing people’s informational capabilities is the most
critical factor determining the impact of ICTs on their well-being. The
findings indicate that improved informational capabilities, like literacy, do
enhance the human capabilities of the poor and marginalized to make strategic
life choices to achieve the lifestyle they value. Evaluating the impact of ICTs
in terms of capabilities thus reveals that there is no direct relationship
between improved access to, and use of, ICTs and enhanced well-being; ICTs lead
to improvements in people’s lives only when informational capabilities are
transformed into expanded human and social capabilities in the economic,
political, social, organizational and cultural dimensions of their lives." Read more
Checklists Can Help in Surgical Crises, Too: Study
From the article: "By using simulation technology, researchers were able to
show something previously thought impossible to prove: the benefits of using
surgical checklists in an operating room emergency.
In an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality-funded study, a team of researchers observed 17 surgical teams participating in 106 staged crises. The researchers found there was stricter adherence to critical steps in “life-saving processes” when a set of crisis checklists was available.
According to a report in the New England Journal of Medicine, there was a 75% reduction in “failure to adhere to critical steps” when checklists were used. In these instances, 6% (24 of 371) of the critical steps were missed, compared to 23% (89 of 379) when teams were working from memory. Each session was recorded, and physician researchers observed and scored adherence to the established, evidence-based response guidelines." Read more
In an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality-funded study, a team of researchers observed 17 surgical teams participating in 106 staged crises. The researchers found there was stricter adherence to critical steps in “life-saving processes” when a set of crisis checklists was available.
According to a report in the New England Journal of Medicine, there was a 75% reduction in “failure to adhere to critical steps” when checklists were used. In these instances, 6% (24 of 371) of the critical steps were missed, compared to 23% (89 of 379) when teams were working from memory. Each session was recorded, and physician researchers observed and scored adherence to the established, evidence-based response guidelines." Read more